Visual field examinations in normally lit rooms
Over the years, the OCULUS Centerfield® 2 has established a worldwide reputation for itself among ophthalmologists, optometrists and occupational physicians. Its closed design and the shaded view into the perimetric bowl allow for visual field examinations in normally lit rooms, making it easy to use this practical table-top device almost anywhere. Operated from an external computer, the transportable Centerfield® 2 provides versatile configuration options that will cover the needs of any practice.
![OCULUS Centerfield® 2](https://www.oculus.de/en/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2022/11/OCULUS-Centerfield®-2-frontal.webp)
Functions
Ergonomic Design
The self-contained design and light-shielded viewer allow examinations to be conducted in normally lit rooms. Its robustness and light weight make the Centerfield® 2 perimeter the ideal unit for portable use, which is often a necessity in the Occupational Health area.
Modern Connectivity
The Centerfield® 2 perimeter can be operated via the USB port of a notebook or PC. Together with the supplied device software, this modern solution allows you to fully utilize all of the benefits of today’s IT systems, especially the network connectivity. This guarantees both safe storage of examination data and quick access to that data when needed.
Reliable Results
The Examination Programs
The recommended series of pre-defined test programs provided for Centerfield® 2 perimeter covers the examinations most frequently needed in practice. The “Driver’s License Regulations“ program permits occupational and company physicians to test the field of vision in accordance with applicable German regulations (FEV and amendments thereto) governing the issuance of driver’s licenses. The macula and glaucoma programs allow early detection of various retinal diseases.
The OCULUS Test Strategies
Threshold related – suprathreshold strategies have proven to be time-saving and efficient examination methods. The Centerfield® 2 perimeter uses these strategies for all screening programs, including the Driver’s License eye exams. A variety of threshold testing strategies are available for measurement of the exact numeric values of the visual thresholds.
The OCULUS Test Point Grid
The patented projection method allows you to freely select test point grids on the Centerfield® 2. The central field of vision can be examined using functionally or orthogonally distributed test points. Grids such as the “FeV70” or “Esterman” are used for the periphery. This unlimited flexibility enables test grids to be modified if necessary.
Results Printout
The measuring results of the Centerfield® Perimeter are summarized in a standard printout. For suprathreshold tests, only a single informational overview is printed, whereas for threshold examinations, all clinically relevant data are recorded and shown in various depictions.
Standard Automated Perimetry
During static visual field examinations detailed information is collected on differential light sensitivity (DLS) in various test locations of the visual field. For this purpose standardized light stimuli (usually Goldmann size III) are presented to the patient in the perimeter from different directions. Responses are documented and assessed.
Sensitivity threshold
Light stimuli of different intensities are perceived in different ways. Very bright spots are detected easily while very dark spots go undetected. The change between these two limiting cases is not abrupt, but rather occurs gradually over a certain range of luminance. The sensitivity threshold is given by the value of stimulus luminance at which there is a 50 % probability of perception. Perimetric threshold values are expressed in decibels (dB). The reference value for this decibel scale is given by the maximum stimulus luminance of the perimeter.
Threshold strategies
Strategies for threshold measurements make use of interpolation to determine sensitivity threshold values in all locations of a test pattern. The Centerfield® 2 provides various methods of taking threshold measurements: the classical 4-2 dB staircase strategy (“Full Threshold”), OCULUS Fast Threshold, the original CLIP strategy and the optional ultra-fast SPARK strategy.
Threshold oriented supra-threshold strategies
During examinations using these strategies the presented stimulus is always brighter than the one corresponding to the age-dependent normal threshold value in the respective location (hence the term supra-threshold strategy). Tests take less time, are easier to perform and overviews of the visual field are obtained without numerical dB values. The OCULUS Class Strategy and the 2- and 3-zone strategies are all suitable for fast screening exams using the Centerfield® 2.
![Threshold](https://www.oculus.de/en/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2024/07/threshold.jpg)
Comprehensive Perimetry
![Sample printout](https://www.oculus.de/en/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2024/07/sample_printout.jpg)
Examine the periphery: beyond the central visual field
Although static perimetry is usually performed within the central visual field (up to 30° eccentricity), there are also many compelling reasons for examining the periphery if the aim is to gain an overall impression of the entire visual field. Despite its compactness, the Centerfield® 2 has the capacity to test the visual field up to 70° in all directions. To overcome the limitations of the perimetric bowl an ingenious shift of the fixation target is implemented which extends the testing capabilities of the device. This procedure allows testing of extended patterns as in the Esterman test. Threshold strategies are not recommended for peripheral examinations, however.
Rediscover kinetic perimetry
The OCULUS Centerfield® 2 can revert to traditional kinetic testing when standard automated perimetry does not yield satisfactory results. In patients with very low visual acuity kinetic perimetry is sometimes the only method capable of providing additional information on the visual field. The examination can be performed with Goldmann size III stimuli and covers isopters within 35° of eccentricity.
![kinetic_tests Kinetic Tests](https://www.oculus.de/en/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2024/07/kinetic_tests.jpg)
Result Printout
All information at a glance
![Result printout](https://www.oculus.de/en/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2024/07/result_printout_detail.jpg)
Focus on Glaucoma
Measurement – Assessment – Progression
The first step: screening for glaucoma
Speed, precision and reliability: the SPARK threshold strategy
Beyond field indices: Glaucoma Staging Program (GSP)
Efficient progression analysis: Threshold Noiseless Trend (TNT)
- SPARK Precision is the full-fledged version of SPARK. Comprehensive visual field examinations of glaucoma patients can be performed in just 3 minutes per eye. Averaging the results over all four phases ensures a high degree of reliability and reproducibility for improved progression analysis.
- SPARK-Quick is the perfect strategy for follow-up and screening examinations. The procedure only takes 90 seconds per eye.
- SPARK Training is ideal for patient training. This 40-second measurement can also be used for screening.
The SPARK threshold strategy is available as an additional option in the OCULUS Centerfield® 2. It is fine-tuned for use in clinical examinations of glaucoma patients. Alternative examination strategies called SPARK-N are available for suspected cases of neurological pathology.
GSP assigns each test result to a visual field class using an algorithm optimized to match evaluation by a glaucoma expert. In addition, the database of GSP includes correlations with the whole clinical picture (including structural changes). This information enables GSP to evaluate the degree of risk for the presence of different glaucoma stages on the basis of visual field findings.
Intuitive green-yellow-red colour coding helps in fast and reliable interpretation of the findings. The striking novelty of GSP consists in its capability to identify both glaucoma suspect patients and patients with possible pre-perimetric glaucoma using nothing but measured threshold values.
- TNT displays a concise report of the progression analysis with a summary of the most relevant parameters (MD slope, p-values, etc.).
- TNT can distinguish between cases of diffuse and focal progression based on the value of the “Focality Index” (FI).
- TNT uses multiple statistical criteria in establishing progression.
- TNT presents age-related predictions on the visual field.
Title
Description
1) M. González de la Rosa, J Glaucoma 2013
2) D. Wroblewski et al, Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2009
3) M. González de la Rosa and M. González-Hernandez, Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2011; V.T Diaz-Aleman et al., Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2009
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Technical data
![OCULUS Centerfield® 2 - Technical drawing](https://www.oculus.de/en/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2024/07/oculus_centerfield_technische_zeichnung.jpg)
Static perimetry
Programs | Pre-defined glaucoma, macula, screening and neurological tests, user-defined tests |
Test patterns | Orthogonal patterns (30-2, 24-2, 30 x 24, 10-2), physiological patterns (Area 1-8), Esterman, customized patterns |
Strategies | Threshold strategies: OCULUS Fast Threshold, Full Threshold (4-2), CLIP; Optional: SPARK strategy, Age-adapted supra-threshold strategies: OCULUS class strategy, 2-zone, 3-zone, quantify defects |
Examination speed | Adaptive / fast / normal / slow / user-defined |
Fixation control | Through central threshold, Heijl-Krakau (using the blind spot), live video image |
Perimeter bowl radius | 300 mm |
Max. eccentricity | 36° / 70° (with fixation shift) |
Stimulus size | Goldmann III |
Stimulus colour /Background colour | White, blue / White, yellow |
Background luminance | 10 cd / m² (31,4 asb) |
Stimulus duration | 200 ms / user-defined |
Stimulus luminance range/step | 0 – 318 cd / m² (0 – 1 000 asb) / 1 dB |
Result display | Greyscale, dB values (absolute/relative), symbols, probabilities, 3D plot |
Reports | Glaucoma Staging Program (GSP), Threshold Noiseless Trend (TNT) progression report |
Technical specifications
Patient positioning | In depth adjustable head rest, in height adjustable motorized chinrest (optional) |
Dimensions (W x D x H) | 398 x 503 x 580 mm (15.7 x 19.8 x 22.8 in) |
Weight | 12.8 kg (28.2 lbs), without chinrest 11.7 kg (25.8 lbs) |
Power supply | 15 V DC, 3,3 A |
Voltage | 80 – 264 V AC |
Frequency | 50 – 60 Hz |
Recommended computer specifications | Intel® Core™ i5, 500 GB SSD, 8 GB RAM, Windows® 10, Intel® HD Graphics |
Interface | USB |
Software | Device control, patient management, backup and print software (Windows®) Built-in networking, easy EMR-integration, DICOM compatibility |
Kinetic perimetry
Strategies | Automated tests along meridians with freely selectable density up to 35° |
Stimulus speed | 2°/ s or user-defined |
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