Take the smart approach to visual field testing!
As the latest entry in the pioneering compact perimeter design line of OCULUS, the Smartfield is purposefully optimized for monitoring functional impairment in glaucoma. Taken together, its shortened examination time, more intuitive analysis of findings and the increased patient comfort provide a comprehensive and modern clinical solution for visual field testing.
Measurements of the Smartfield are carried out using an ultra-high-luminance LCD screen. This screen also serves to generate a standard background illumination level for static perimetry and present test stimuli against this background. Using a single source for the background and the test stimulus ensures a more reliable calibration of the device during examinations.
Advantages
- Fast: Short examination times even for threshold tests
- Comprehensive: Advanced test strategies, unique evaluation tools
- Interconnected: Native Ethernet access
- Robust: Extended lifetime due to the absence of moving parts
- Light: Small footprint and reduced weight for increased transportability
- Compact: No dark room required thanks to the closed design
- Portable: Practical carrying handle
- Ergonomical: Height-adjustable measuring head
![OCULUS Smartfield](https://www.oculus.de/en/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2021/03/Smartfield.png)
Functions
Ergonomic Design
The OCULUS Smartfield stands out with a very small footprint, which is smaller still than that of the Easyfield®. Its closed design and light-protected viewer permit examinations in rooms with normal lighting conditions. Its low weight and the practical carrying handle make the Smartfield perimeter convenient for portable use.
Easy Operation
The Smartfield perimeter is designed for operation via an external computer (notebook or PC) connected to the common office data network. This ensures network availability of examination data. The translucent lateral eye shields render the use of an eye patch during the examination unnecessary, thus saving valuable time in preparation for the test.
Increased Diagnostic Reliability
Powerful test strategies such as SPARK and other assessment tools contribute to the great diagnostic utility of the Smartfield perimeter. The enhanced Glaucoma Staging System (GSS 2) of Dr. Brusini and the Glaucoma Staging Program (GSP) offer extended support in single field analysis.
Examination Programs
The Smartfield is equipped with a set of predefined programs for the most frequently needed examination routines of the central visual field or the macular area. A default program for the periphery is also included. The program list can be easily extended according to specific requirements by combining the available test patterns and test strategies.
OCULUS Test Strategies
The Smartfield features the innovative SPARK test strategy for faster and more stable threshold measurements in glaucoma patients. Rounding off the testing capabilities of the Smartfield is the complete set of traditional OCULUS test methods, including threshold and suprathreshold strategies.
OCULUS Test Patterns
The grid corresponding to the SPARK examination strategy (30×24) is the preferred pattern in the Smartfield. However, other commonly used patterns such as 24-2 or 10-2 are readily available. Custom patterns for the central visual field can be easily created. The modular structure of the test programs allows for all patterns to be examined using any available standard strategy.
Results Printout
Measurement results of the Smartfield perimeter are commonly summarized in a standard printout. For suprathreshold tests a qualitative overview is printed, whereas for threshold examinations all clinically relevant data are shown in various representations. Besides the standard printout the Smartfield software features various assessment displays.
Comprehensive Perimetry
Examining the periphery: Beyond the central visual field
While static perimetry is usually performed within the central visual field (up to 30° eccentricity), if the aim is to gain an overall impression of the entire visual field, there are also many compelling reasons for examining the periphery. Despite its compactness, the Smartfield perimeter has the capacity to test the visual field up to 60° horizontally and 50° vertically. To overcome the limitations of the projection screen, an ingenious shift of the fixation target is performed, extending the testing capabilities of the device. This procedure allows testing of patterns extending over the periphery. Nevertheless, threshold strategies are not recommended for peripheral examinations.
![suprathreshold_examination OCULUS Smartfield - Printout of a suprathreshold examination](https://www.oculus.de/en/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2024/07/suprathreshold_examination.jpg)
![result_printout OCULUS Smartfield - Printout of a threshold examination](https://www.oculus.de/en/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2024/07/result_printout.jpg)
Threshold measurements
The most complete information about the visual field can be obtained by determining sensitivity threshold values in all locations of a test pattern using strategies for threshold measurements. The OCULUS Smartfield perimeter offers various threshold measurement procedures:
- Full Threshold: The classical 4-2 dB staircase strategy using two reversals in the patient’s answer to deliver a threshold value.
- Fast Threshold: Bracketing strategy using variable steps and taking advantage of already measured locations.
- SPARK*: Fast and averaged threshold strategy based on statistical correlations between threshold values measured in different location.
*) SPARK is not an acronym, the name of the strategy was inspired by the appearance of the stimuli during perimetr
Focus on Glaucoma
Measurement – Assessment – Progression
Speed, precision and reliability: the SPARK threshold strategy
Defect assessment: Glaucoma Staging System (GSS 2)
Beyond field indices: Glaucoma Staging Program (GSP)
Efficient progression analysis: Threshold Noiseless Trend (TNT)
Predicting Anatomy from Thresholds (PATH)
- SPARK Precision is the full-fledged version of SPARK. Comprehensive visual field examinations of glaucoma patients can be performed in just 3 minutes per eye. Averaging the results over all four phases ensures a high degree of reliability and reproducibility for improved progression analysis.
- SPARK Quick is the perfect strategy for follow-up and screening examinations. The procedure only takes 90 seconds per eye.
- SPARK Training is ideal for patient training. This 40-second measurement can also be used for screening.
- The SPARK strategy is fine-tuned for use in clinical examinations of glaucoma patients.
GSP assigns each test result to a visual field class using an algorithm optimized to match evaluation by a glaucoma expert. In addition, the database of GSP includes correlations with the whole clinical picture (including structural changes). This information enables GSP to evaluate the degree of risk for the presence of different glaucoma stages on the basis of visual field findings.
Intuitive green-yellow-red colour coding helps in fast and reliable interpretation of the findings. The striking novelty of GSP consists in its capability to identify both glaucoma suspect patients and patients with possible pre-perimetric glaucoma using nothing but measured threshold values.
- TNT displays a concise report of the progression analysis with a summary of the most relevant parameters (MD slope, p-values, etc.).
- TNT can distinguish between cases of diffuse or focal progression based on the value of the “Focality Index” (FI).
- TNT uses multiple statistical criteria in establishing progression.
- TNT presents age-related predictions on the visual field.
Estimating retinal nerve fibre layer thickness
Using the results of SPARK perimetry, RNFL thickness is determined in 25 points of the TSNIT (Temporal – Superior – Nasal – Inferior – Temporal) circle around the optic disc. The most relevant functional data are selected for each point. This procedure is objectively automated and does not rely on other findings such as on the correspondence between nerve fibre pathways and visual field areas.
Estimating the relative area of the neuroretinal rim
The ratio between the neuroretinal rim area and the total area of the optic disc is estimated as a linear combination of relevant threshold results. The result is compared to normative data and expressed as a percentage of the population average (normalized to 100%)
Title
Description
1) M. González de la Rosa, J Glaucoma 2013
2) P. Brusini, S. Filacorda, J. Glaucoma (2006) 15: 40–46
3) D. Wroblewski et al, Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2009
4) M. González de la Rosa and M. González-Hernandez, Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2011; V.T Diaz-Aleman et al., Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2009
5) M. Gonzalez de la Rosa, M. Gonzalez-Hernandez, S. Alayon, Eur J Ophthalmol 2015
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Technical Data
Static perimetry
Programs | Pre-defined glaucoma, macula, screening and neurological tests user-defined tests |
Test patterns | 30×24 (SPARK), 24-2, 10-2, customized patterns |
Strategies | Threshold strategies: SPARK Precision, SPARK Quick, OCULUS Fast Threshold, Full Threshold (4/2), Age-adapted suprathreshold screening (2-zone, 3-zone) |
Examination speed | Adaptive/fast/normal/slow/user-defined |
Fixation control | Through central threshold, Heijl-Krakau (using the blind spot), live video image |
Result display | Greyscale, dB values (absolute/relative), symbols, probabilities, 3D plot |
Reports | Enhanced Glaucoma Staging System (GSS 2), Glaucoma Staging Program (GSP), PATH function-structure analysis, Threshold Noiseless Trend (TNT) progression report |
Specifications
Stimulus viewing distance | Infinity |
Max. eccentricity horizontal/vertical | 30°/25° (60°/50° with fixation shift) |
Stimulus size | Goldmann III |
Stimulus colour | White |
Stimulus duration | 200 ms/user-defined |
Threshold range/step | 0.8 – 3 180 cd/m2 (2.5 – 10 000 asb), 0 – 36 dB/1 dB |
Background luminance | 10 cd/m2 (31.4 asb) |
Patient positioning | Height-adjustable measuring head, adjustable chin rest, double head rest |
Software | Device control, patient management, backup and print software (Windows®) Built-in networking, easy EMR-integration, DICOM compatibility |
Schnittstelle | RJ45 |
Technical specifications
Dimensions (W x D x H) | 332 x 418 to 477 x 402 mm (13.1 x 16.5 to 18.8 x 15.9 in) |
Weight | 7.6 kg (16.8 lbs) |
Max. power consumption | 30 W |
Voltage | 100 – 240 V AC |
Frequency | 50 – 60 Hz |
Recommended computer specifications | Intel® CoreTM i5, 500 GB HDD, 8 GB RAM, Intel® HD Graphics, Windows® 10 |
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